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-
A potential drug found in a sea creature can now be made in the lab
Cooking bryostatin 1 up in a lab lets researchers explore its potential as a drug. -
A potential drug found in a sea creature can now be made efficiently in the lab
Cooking bryostatin 1 up in a lab lets researchers explore its potential as a drug. -
El Nino weather phenomenon puts more carbon in air
via cbc.caA NASA satellite has found another thing to blame on El Nino — a recent record high increase of carbon dioxide in the air. -
Facebook will help investigators release Russia ads, Sandberg tells Axios
via cbc.caFacebook Inc. chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg said on Thursday the company was committed to helping U.S. congressional investigators publicly release Russia-backed political ads that ran during the 2016 U.S. election. -
Living in a greener neighbourhood could lower your risk of death: study
via cbc.caTrees stretching their canopies over city streets and grass tickling the sidewalk near your home are more than just pretty, they could actually be helping you live longer, a new study suggests. -
Living in a greener neighbourhood could lower risk of early death: study
via cbc.caTrees stretching their canopies over city streets and grass tickling the sidewalk near your home are more than just pretty, they could actually be helping you live longer, a new study suggests. -
Intense storms batter Saturn’s largest moon, scientists report
Titan, the largest of Saturn's more than 60 moons, has surprisingly intense rainstorms, according to research by a team of UCLA planetary scientists and geologists. Although the storms are relatively rare -- they occur less than once per Titan year, which is 29 and a half Earth years -- they occur much more frequently than the scientists expected. -
New protein study broadens knowledge of molecular basis for disease
Scientists are one step closer to unraveling the mystery of how intrinsically disordered proteins work, according to new research. -
New headway in desalination technology
Engineers have taken a step forward in developing a saltwater desalination process that is potentially cheaper than reverse osmosis and borrows from battery technology. In their study, the researchers are focusing on new materials that could make desalination of brackish waters economically desirable and energy efficient. -
Lead fishing tackle may be threatening loon populations
A new study reveals the devastating effects of lead fishing tackle on loon populations. -
Multiple distinct groups historically populated Newfoundland, DNA study suggests
via cbc.caA study examined DNA from a gravesite of an adolescent at L'Anse Amour in southern Labrador, which is the oldest known burial mound in North America and is believed to date back about 7,700 years. -
Liquid biopsy for retinoblastoma
A new study provides proof of concept for a safe and effective way to derive genetic information from a retinoblastoma tumor. -
Driverless car test in Ottawa a Canadian first
via cbc.caThe test drive of an autonomous car in Ottawa's west end Thursday marked the first trial run of a driverless vehicle on a public street in Canada. -
Warming seas could lead to 70 percent increase in hurricane-related financial loss
Hurricane-related financial loss could increase more than 70 percent by 2100 if oceans warm at the worst-case-scenario rate predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, according to a new study. The study used a combination of hurricane modeling and information in FEMA's HAZUS database to reach its conclusions. -
Even modest oil exposure can harm coastal and marine birds
Many birds and other wildlife die following an oil spill, but there are also other potential long-terms effects of oil exposure on animals. -
Mystery surrounding ancient Easter Island people deepens
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The massive brooding stone figures peering from Easter Island's hillsides are emblematic of the enigmatic people who once thrived on the dot of land in the middle of the Pacific. New genetic research only deepens the mystery around these people. -
Measured distance within the Milky Way gives clues to what our galaxy looks like
Astronomers used an old but challenging technique to directly measure the distance to a star on the opposite side of the galaxy for the first time. -
During El Niño, the tropics emit more carbon dioxide
El Niño increases carbon emissions from the tropics — mimicking future climate change. -
Watch this cuttlefish-inspired ‘skin’ morph into a 3-D shape
New silicone material mimics cephalopod shape-shifting for quick camouflage. -
Use of CRISPR-modified human stem cell organoids to study the origin of mutational signatures in cancer
Mutational processes underlie cancer initiation and progression. Signatures of these processes in cancer genomes may explain cancer etiology and could hold diagnostic and prognostic value. We developed a strategy that can be used to explore the origin of cancer-associated mutational signatures. We used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to delete key DNA repair genes in human colon organoids, followed by delayed subcloning and whole-genome sequencing. We found that mutation accumulation in organoids deficie -
Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss
The carbon balance of tropical ecosystems remains uncertain, with top-down atmospheric studies suggesting an overall sink and bottom-up ecological approaches indicating a modest net source. Here we use 12 years (2003 to 2014) of MODIS pantropical satellite data to quantify net annual changes in the aboveground carbon density of tropical woody live vegetation, providing direct, measurement-based evidence that the world’s tropical forests are a net carbon source of 425.2 ± 92.0 teragr -
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 early science investigations of regional carbon dioxide fluxes
NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission was motivated by the need to diagnose how the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is altering the productivity of the biosphere and the uptake of CO2 by the oceans. Launched on 2 July 2014, OCO-2 provides retrievals of the column-averaged CO2 dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) as well as the fluorescence from chlorophyll in terrestrial plants. The seasonal pattern of uptake by the terrestrial biosphere is recorded in f -
The microanatomic segregation of selection by apoptosis in the germinal center
B cells undergo rapid cell division and affinity maturation in anatomically distinct sites in lymphoid organs called germinal centers (GCs). Homeostasis is maintained in part by B cell apoptosis. However, the precise contribution of apoptosis to GC biology and selection is not well defined. We developed apoptosis-indicator mice and used them to visualize, purify, and characterize dying GC B cells. Apoptosis is prevalent in the GC, with up to half of all GC B cells dying every 6 hours. Moreover, -
The Drosophila embryo at single-cell transcriptome resolution
By the onset of morphogenesis, Drosophila embryos consist of about 6000 cells that express distinct gene combinations. Here, we used single-cell sequencing of precisely staged embryos and devised DistMap, a computational mapping strategy to reconstruct the embryo and to predict spatial gene expression approaching single-cell resolution. We produced a virtual embryo with about 8000 expressed genes per cell. Our interactive Drosophila Virtual Expression eXplorer (DVEX) database generates three-dim -
Stretchable surfaces with programmable 3D texture morphing for synthetic camouflaging skins
Technologies that use stretchable materials are increasingly important, yet we are unable to control how they stretch with much more sophistication than inflating balloons. Nature, however, demonstrates remarkable control of stretchable surfaces; for example, cephalopods can project hierarchical structures from their skin in milliseconds for a wide range of textural camouflage. Inspired by cephalopod muscular morphology, we developed synthetic tissue groupings that allowed programmable transform -
Spaceborne detection of localized carbon dioxide sources
Spaceborne measurements by NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) at the kilometer scale reveal distinct structures of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) caused by known anthropogenic and natural point sources. OCO-2 transects across the Los Angeles megacity (USA) show that anthropogenic CO2 enhancements peak over the urban core and decrease through suburban areas to rural background values more than ~100 kilometers away, varying seasonally from ~4.4 to 6.1 parts per million. A transec -
Scalable synthesis of bryostatin 1 and analogs, adjuvant leads against latent HIV
Bryostatin 1 is an exceedingly scarce marine-derived natural product that is in clinical development directed at HIV/AIDS eradication, cancer immunotherapy, and the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Despite this unique portfolio of indications, its availability has been limited and variable, thus impeding research and clinical studies. Here, we report a total synthesis of bryostatin 1 that proceeds in 29 total steps (19 in the longest linear sequence, >80% average yield per step), colle -
Response to Comment on "Selective anaerobic oxidation of methane enables direct synthesis of methanol"
Periana argues that the stepwise reaction of methane with water is thermodynamically unfavorable and therefore impractical. We reply by presenting an in-depth thermodynamic analysis of each step in the process and show that the surface concentrations of the reactants and products as well as the stabilizing effect of additional water molecules, as discussed in the original paper, fully support the feasibility of the proposed reaction. -
Quantum acoustics with superconducting qubits
Mechanical objects have important practical applications in the fields of quantum information and metrology as quantum memories or transducers for measuring and connecting different types of quantum systems. The field of electromechanics is in pursuit of a robust and highly coherent device that couples motion to nonlinear quantum objects such as superconducting qubits. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator that is strongly coupled to a superconducting -
OCO-2 advances photosynthesis observation from space via solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Quantifying gross primary production (GPP) remains a major challenge in global carbon cycle research. Spaceborne monitoring of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), an integrative photosynthetic signal of molecular origin, can assist in terrestrial GPP monitoring. However, the extent to which SIF tracks spatiotemporal variations in GPP remains unresolved. Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)’s SIF data acquisition and fine spatial resolution permit direct validation against ground -
Mapping spiral structure on the far side of the Milky Way
Little is known about the portion of the Milky Way lying beyond the Galactic center at distances of more than 9 kiloparsec from the Sun. These regions are opaque at optical wavelengths because of absorption by interstellar dust, and distances are very large and hard to measure. We report a direct trigonometric parallax distance of 20.4–2.2+2.8 kiloparsec obtained with the Very Long Baseline Array to a water maser source in a region of active star formation. These measurements allow us to s -
Innovative scattering analysis shows that hydrophobic disordered proteins are expanded in water
A substantial fraction of the proteome is intrinsically disordered, and even well-folded proteins adopt non-native geometries during synthesis, folding, transport, and turnover. Characterization of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is challenging, in part because of a lack of accurate physical models and the difficulty of interpreting experimental results. We have developed a general method to extract the dimensions and solvent quality (self-interactions) of IDPs from a single small-angle -
Influence of El Nino on atmospheric CO2 over the tropical Pacific Ocean: Findings from NASAs OCO-2 mission
Spaceborne observations of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 are used to characterize the response of tropical atmospheric CO2 concentrations to the strong El Niño event of 2015–2016. Although correlations between the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation are well known, the magnitude of the correlation and the timing of the responses of oceanic and terrestrial carbon cycle remain poorly constrained -
Imaging the halogen bond in self-assembled halogenbenzenes on silver
Halogens are among the most electronegative elements, and the variations in size and polarizability of halogens require different descriptions of the intermolecular bonds they form. Here we use the inelastic tunneling probe (itProbe) to acquire real-space imaging of intermolecular-bonding structures in the two-dimensional self-assembly of halogenbenzene molecules on a metal surface. Direct visualization is obtained for the intermolecular attraction and the "windmill" pattern of bonding among the -
Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry of single phonons from an optomechanical resonator
Nano- and micromechanical solid-state quantum devices have become a focus of attention. Reliably generating nonclassical states of their motion is of interest both for addressing fundamental questions about macroscopic quantum phenomena and for developing quantum technologies in the domains of sensing and transduction. We used quantum optical control techniques to conditionally generate single-phonon Fock states of a nanomechanical resonator. We performed a Hanbury Brown and Twiss–type exp -
Contrasting carbon cycle responses of the tropical continents to the 2015-2016 El Nino
The 2015–2016 El Niño led to historically high temperatures and low precipitation over the tropics, while the growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) was the largest on record. Here we quantify the response of tropical net biosphere exchange, gross primary production, biomass burning, and respiration to these climate anomalies by assimilating column CO2, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbon monoxide observations from multiple satellites. Relative to the 2011 La -
Comment on "Selective anaerobic oxidation of methane enables direct synthesis of methanol"
Sushkevich et al. (Reports, 5 May 2017, p. 523) report on the use of water to oxidize methane to methanol. This seems problematic because the reaction of CH4 and water to generate methanol and H2 is highly unfavorable at any temperature (G of reaction+28 kcal/mol at 200°C, equilibrium constant K10–13). Consequently, even if the reaction is separated into two steps, it seems inconceivable to carry out such a net reaction in a practical manner. -
Aqueous Au-Pd colloids catalyze selective CH4 oxidation to CH3OH with O2 under mild conditions
The selective oxidation of methane, the primary component of natural gas, remains an important challenge in catalysis. We used colloidal gold-palladium nanoparticles, rather than the same nanoparticles supported on titanium oxide, to oxidize methane to methanol with high selectivity (92%) in aqueous solution at mild temperatures. Then, using isotopically labeled oxygen (O2) as an oxidant in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we demonstrated that the resulting methanol incorporated a subst -
Anti-Markovnikov alkene oxidation by metal-oxo-mediated enzyme catalysis
Catalytic anti-Markovnikov oxidation of alkene feedstocks could simplify synthetic routes to many important molecules and solve a long-standing challenge in chemistry. Here we report the engineering of a cytochrome P450 enzyme by directed evolution to catalyze metal-oxo–mediated anti-Markovnikov oxidation of styrenes with high efficiency. The enzyme uses dioxygen as the terminal oxidant and achieves selectivity for anti-Markovnikov oxidation over the kinetically favored alkene epoxidation -
Paleogenomic analysis sheds light on Easter Island mysteries
New paleogenomic research appears to rule out the likelihood that inhabitants of Easter Island intermixed with South Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans on the island in 1722. -
Cause of cancer form in the liver identified
Researchers have identified the two genes whose mutation cause a serious cancer form found in the liver. The result sets concrete goals for future treatment of the otherwise incurable disease. -
Whole genome sequencing identifies new genetic signature for autism
An analysis of the complete genomes of 2,064 people reveals that multiple genetic variations could contribute to autism. The work suggests that scanning whole genomes may one day be useful for clinical diagnostics. -
Devourer of planets? Astronomers dub star 'Kronos'
'Kronos' is enhanced in metals and other rock-forming elements but not in volatiles, prompting a team of researchers to conclude that it absorbed as much as 15 Earth masses worth of rocky planets. Its twin, 'Krios,' does not show this unusual pattern of enhancement. -
Brain stimulation can improve athletic performance
Research into the effects of brain stimulation on athletes' performance has demonstrated that it is an effective way to improve endurance. The findings are expected to advance understanding of the brain's role in endurance exercise, how it can alter the physical limits of performance in healthy people and add evidence to the debate on the use of legal methods to enhance performance in competition. -
Equifax takes web page offline after reports of new cyberattack
via cbc.caEquifax Inc said on Thursday it has taken one of its customer help website pages offline as its security team looks into reports of another potential cyber breach at the credit reporting company, which recently disclosed a hack that compromised the sensitive information of millions of people -
Canada aligning with U.K. to fight global growth in coal-fired electricity
via cbc.caCanada is joining forces with the United Kingdom to push for a global crackdown on unabated coal-fired electricity. -
Geologic evidence is the forerunner of ominous prospects for a warming earth
While strong seasonal hurricanes have devastated many of the Caribbean and Bahamian islands this year, geologic studies on several of these islands illustrate that more extreme conditions existed in the past. A new analysis shows that the limestone islands of the Bahamas and Bermuda experienced climate changes that were even more extreme than historical events. -
Reconstructing Cassini's plunge into Saturn
As NASA's Cassini spacecraft made its fateful dive into the upper atmosphere of Saturn on Sept. 15, the spacecraft was live-streaming data from eight of its science instruments, along with readings from a variety of engineering systems. While analysis of science data from the final plunge will take some time, Cassini engineers already have a pretty clear understanding of how the spacecraft itself behaved as it went in. -
Don't dispense of cannabis dispensaries, caution researchers
Researchers are cautioning policy makers not to alter a cannabis distribution system that -- while not legal yet -- works well. They say store-front dispensaries -- often under fire by law enforcement and city governments -- are a tried and true method of selling cannabis. -
Rough microparticles can cause big problems
Research finds the surface texture of microparticles in a liquid suspension can cause internal friction that significantly alters the suspension's viscosity -- effectively making the liquid thicker or thinner. The finding can help address problems for companies in fields from biopharmaceuticals to chemical manufacturing.
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