Science news

• How Satellite Images Can Confirm Human Rights Abuses

  16-05-2017 20:00 via rss.sciam.com
  
  The U.S. government claims a Syrian crematory is hiding mass prisoner killings-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
  
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• The cytotoxic type 3 secretion system 1 of Vibrio rewires host gene expression to subvert cell death and activate cell survival pathways

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  Bacterial effectors potently manipulate host signaling pathways. The marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. para) delivers effectors into host cells through two type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs). T3SS1 is vital for V. para survival in the environment, whereas T3SS2 causes acute gastroenteritis in human hosts. Although the natural host is undefined, T3SS1 effectors attack highly conserved cellular processes and pathways to orchestrate nonapoptotic cell death. To understand how the concerted
  
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• Science Signaling Podcast for 16 May 2017: Vibrio rewires host cells

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  AbstractThis Podcast features a conversation with Kim Orth and Nicole De Nisco, authors of a Research Resource that appears in the 16 May 2017 issue of Science Signaling, about how the marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus rewires host cell signaling networks. V. parahaemolyticus thrives in warm brackish waters and infects both shellfish and finfish. This bacterium causes gastroenteritis when humans consume contaminated seafood that is raw or undercooked. V. parahaemolyticus delivers virulenc
  
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• Quorum sensing to repress virulence

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  A quorum-sensing system of an insect endosymbiont enables the bacterium to establish persistent infection by inhibiting the expression of virulence genes.
  
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• Papers of note in Science Translational Medicine 9 (389)

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  This week’s articles highlight how tumor-associated macrophages limit the efficacy of PD-1–targeted checkpoint therapy and show that an anti-inflammatory drug may be used to treat lymphedema.
  
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• Papers of note in Science 356 (6338)

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  This week’s articles demonstrate how T cells search for ligands; a role for the endoplasmic reticulum in the nonclathrin-mediated endocytosis of a growth factor receptor; and growth coupling between distant bacterial colonies that enables the cells to share limited resources.
  
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• Papers of note in Nature 545 (7653)

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  This week’s articles highlight colon cancer stem cells; cooperative signaling that maintains intestinal stem cell self-renewal; a newly developed Wnt agonist; and metabolic changes in endothelial cells that promote angiogenesis.
  
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• Nrf2 inactivation enhances placental angiogenesis in a preeclampsia mouse model and improves maternal and fetal outcomes

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  Placental activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to affect placental angiogenesis, which is critical for preventing preeclampsia pathology. We examined the role of ROS in preeclampsia by genetically modifying the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, a cellular antioxidant defense system, in a mouse model of RAS-induced preeclampsia. Nrf2 deficiency would be expected to impair cellular antioxidant responses;
  
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• New connections: The duality of ROS in angiogenesis

  16-05-2017 19:57 via stke.sciencemag.org
  Depending on the tissue and context, ROS can either stimulate or suppress blood vessel formation.
  
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• Snail's DNA secrets unlocked in fight against river disease

  16-05-2017 19:18 via bbc.co.uk
  
  Scientists have decoded the genome of a snail involved in the spread of a deadly parasitic disease.
  
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• Scientists find 38 million pieces of trash on Pacific island

  16-05-2017 18:01 via cbc.ca
  
  When researchers travelled to a tiny, uninhabited island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, they were astonished to find an estimated 38 million pieces of trash washed up on the beaches.
  
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• Blennies have a lot of fang for such little fishes

  16-05-2017 16:00
  
  Unlike snakes, blennies evolved fangs before venom, through probably not because of any need to hunt big prey.
  
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• Trump Officials Act to Tilt Federal Science Boards toward Industry

  16-05-2017 15:30 via rss.sciam.com
  
  New changes to EPA, Interior Department advisory groups could restrict or paralyze them, critics say
  -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
  
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• HPE Debuts Its Next-Gen Computer--Sans Much-Anticipated Memristors

  16-05-2017 15:00 via rss.sciam.com
  
  “The Machine” research prototype is designed to tackle complex problems, but it’s a work in progress
  -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
  
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• Jumping genes play a big role in what makes us human

  16-05-2017 13:00
  
  Jumping genes have been a powerful force in human evolution.
  
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• Google DeepMind patient app legality questioned

  16-05-2017 12:58 via bbc.co.uk
  
  A leaked letter throws doubt on the legal basis for sharing 1.6 million patient records with DeepMind.
  
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• Telecoms should unlock FM radio on smartphones, city councillor says

  16-05-2017 11:00 via cbc.ca
  
  Mayor John Tory's executive committee will consider whether the City of Toronto should ask telecom companies to activate the FM radio chip inside Android smartphones.
  
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• Remote island has 'world's worst' plastic rubbish density

  16-05-2017 09:54 via bbc.co.uk
  
  The uninhabited Pacific island is littered with 37.7 million pieces of plastic debris, scientists say.
  
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• Three-year-olds understand, value obligations of joint commitment

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (Society for Research in Child Development) The ability to engage in joint actions is a critical step toward becoming a cooperative human being. In particular, forming a commitment with a partner to achieve a goal that one cannot achieve alone is important for functioning in society. Previous research has shown that children begin collaborating with others between ages 2 and 3 years. However, it's less clear whether they understand the concept of joint commitments with binding obligations.
  
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• National Astronomy Meeting 2017: First media announcement

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (Royal Astronomical Society) Around 500 astronomers and space scientists will gather at the University of Hull, from 2 - 6 July, for the Royal Astronomical Society National Astronomy Meeting (NAM 2017). The conference is the largest regular professional astronomy and space science event in the UK and will see leading researchers from around the world presenting the latest work in a variety of fields.
  
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• NASA to create first-ever space-based sodium lidar to study poorly understood mesosphere

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center) A team of NASA scientists and engineers now believes it can leverage recent advances in a greenhouse-detecting instrument to build the world's first space-based sodium lidar to study Earth's poorly understood mesosphere.
  
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• More than 1.2 million adolescents die every year, nearly all preventable

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (Hoffman & Hoffman Worldwide) More than 3000 adolescents die every day, totalling 1.2 million deaths a year, from largely preventable causes, according to a new report from the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners. In 2015, more than two-thirds -- some 855,000 10- to 19-year-olds -- died in low- and middle-income countries of the African and South-East Asia Regions. Road traffic injuries, lower respiratory infections and suicide are the biggest causes of death among adolescents.
  
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• Humans rely more on 'inferred' visual objects than 'real' ones

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (eLife ) Humans treat 'inferred' visual objects generated by the brain as more reliable than external images from the real world, according to new research published in eLife.
  
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• How hard did it rain on Mars?

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (Elsevier) Heavy rain on Mars reshaped the planet's impact craters and carved out river-like channels in its surface billions of years ago, according to a new study published in Icarus. In the paper, researchers from the Smithsonian Institution and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory show that changes in the atmosphere on Mars made it rain harder and harder, which had a similar effect on the planet's surface as we see on Earth.
  
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• Extreme weather has greater impact on nature than expected -- researchers launch roadmap

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)) An oystercatcher nest is washed away in a storm surge. Australian passerine birds die during a heatwave. A late frost in their breeding area kills off a group of American cliff swallows. Small tragedies that may seem unrelated, but point to the underlying long-term impact of extreme climatic events. In the special June issue of Phil. Trans. B researchers of the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) launch a new approach to these 'extreme' stu
  
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• Children in Head Start who miss more preschool show fewer academic gains

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (Society for Research in Child Development) A new study has found that children in Head Start who miss 10 percent or more of the school year have fewer gains in academics than their peers who attend preschool more regularly. Many researchers see high-quality preschool programs as a way to reduce long-term disparities in education. Placing an emphasis on attendance in preschool programs may be important to maximizing benefits.
  
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• Adolescent boys treated at urban ER for violent injury want mental health care

  16-05-2017 06:00
  
  (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) Adolescent males of color treated for violent injury and discharged from an urban pediatric emergency department overwhelmingly identified a need for mental health care, according to research from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Violence Intervention Program, published today in the Journal of Adolescent Health.
  
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• 1.9 million Bell customer email addresses stolen by 'anonymous hacker'

  16-05-2017 02:05 via cbc.ca
  
  Bell attributes the leak to "an anonymous hacker" and says it is working with the RCMP.
  
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• Where you live can affect your blood pressure, study suggests

  16-05-2017 01:21
  
  For black adults, moving out of a racially segregated neighborhood is linked to a drop in blood pressure, a new study finds.
  
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