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-
Researchers harness human waste to make products in space
via cbc.caScientists are working to find ways to reduce the amount of supplies and costly shipments astronauts need on missions by making use of what's already on hand, including human waste. -
Researchers harness human urine to make products in space
via cbc.caScientists are working to find ways to reduce the amount of supplies and costly shipments astronauts need on missions by making use of what's already on hand, including human waste. -
Farming has changed climate almost as much as deforestation
via cbc.caAgriculture has moved more than a billion tonnes of carbon from the top two metres of soil into the atmosphere, contributing heavily to climate change, a new study shows. -
High tides 'coinciding with eclipse' blamed for escape of thousands of farmed Atlantic salmon into Pacific
via cbc.caThousands of Atlantic salmon have escaped into Pacific waters east of Victoria after the nets ripped at a U.S. fish farm in the San Juan Islands. -
Water down your whisky for better flavour: scientists
via cbc.caOn the rocks, neat or with water? Ask whisky fans and you’ll find it’s a contentious topic. However, Swedish scientists say mixing your scotch with water is the best way to maximize its flavour. -
New antennas are up to a hundredth the size of today’s devices
A new type of antenna could be used in tiny electronics for wearable tech, injectable medical devices and more. -
Virally enhanced immunotherapy
A strategy combining immunotherapies with a tumor-targeted virus may be a new treatment option for glioblastoma patients. -
The adaptor molecule RIAM integrates signaling events critical for integrin-mediated control of immune function and cancer progression
Lymphocyte activation requires adhesion to antigen-presenting cells. This is a critical event linking innate and adaptive immunity. Lymphocyte adhesion is accomplished through LFA-1, which must be activated by a process referred to as inside-out integrin signaling. Among the few signaling molecules that have been implicated in inside-out integrin activation in hematopoietic cells are the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rap1 and its downstream effector Rap1-interacting molecule (RIAM), a -
Papers of note in Science Translational Medicine 9 (403)
This week’s articles describe ways to treat neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. -
Papers of note in Science 357 (6352)
This week’s articles describe placental and intrinsic signals that direct development in embryos. -
Papers of note in Nature 548 (7667)
This week’s articles describe signals that underscore the development of taste sensation, T cell populations, and melanoma drug resistance. -
Niche-derived laminin-511 promotes midbrain dopaminergic neuron survival and differentiation through YAP
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain (mDA neurons) causes progressive loss of motor control and function. Using embryonic and mDA neurons, midbrain tissue from mice, and differentiated human neural stem cells, we investigated the mechanisms controlling the survival of mDA neurons. We found that the extracellular matrix protein laminin-511 (LM511) promoted the survival and differentiation of mDA neurons. LM511 bou -
Multiplex quantitative assays indicate a need for reevaluating reported small-molecule TrkB agonists
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), have emerged as key regulators of brain plasticity and represent disease-modifying targets for several brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and major depressive disorder. Because of poor pharmacokinetic properties of BDNF, the interest in small-molecule TrkB agonists and modulators is high. Several compounds have been reported to act as TrkB agonists, and their increasing use in variou -
A systems approach for discovering linoleic acid derivatives that potentially mediate pain and itch
Chronic pain and itch are common hypersensitivity syndromes that are affected by endogenous mediators. We applied a systems-based, translational approach to predict, discover, and characterize mediators of pain and itch that are regulated by diet and inflammation. Profiling of tissue-specific precursor abundance and biosynthetic gene expression predicted that inflamed skin would be abundant in four previously unknown 11-hydroxy-epoxy- or 11-keto-epoxy-octadecenoate linoleic acid derivatives and -
These chip-sized spacecraft are the smallest space probes yet
Space initiative dubbed Breakthrough Starshot sent the smallest spacecraft yet into orbit around Earth. -
Birth control research is moving beyond the pill
After decades of research, reproductive biologists are on the verge of developing new birth control options that stop sperm from maturing or save a woman's eggs for later. -
Hundreds of firefighters battling largest wildfire ever recorded in B.C.
via cbc.caHundreds of firefighters and dozens of aircraft are working to contain the largest wildfire ever recorded in British Columbia's history, and it could take weeks to get it under control. -
'Hero' of Paris climate agreement dies
Former Marshall Islands minister Tony De Brum, who played a key role in securing the Paris pact passes away aged 72. -
Try Dora, not Pooh: Storybooks with human characters instead of animals better for learning, study finds
via cbc.caUniversity of Toronto researchers found realistic stories are better for promoting young children's pro-social behavior — things like sharing with their peers, for instance. -
Some secrets of China’s terra-cotta army are baked in the clay
Specialized production system lay behind the famous terra-cotta troops found in ancient Chinese emperor’s tomb. -
After Lollipop. Marshmallow and Nougat, here comes Oreo
via cbc.caGoogle has offered a taste of the upcoming version of its Android software for mobile devices, which will be nicknamed 'Oreo.' -
Australia Zoo asks public to name white koala joey
Australia Zoo has asked the public to name a white koala joey. -
Cryptographers and Geneticists Unite to Analyze Genomes They Can't See
via rss.sciam.comComputer-security methods could help scientists identify disease-causing genes—while preserving patient privacy
-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com -
Cassini's "Grand Finale" Could Solve Saturn's Lingering Mysteries
via rss.sciam.comIn its last hours the spacecraft’s observations could reveal the origins of the planet’s rings—and more
-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com -
Climate change 'sleeping giant' challenge for fishery, says ocean researcher
via cbc.caAn ocean scientist says climate change is altering the chemistry of the oceans, which makes food webs and fishery management much more unpredictable. -
'Cyborg' bacteria deliver green fuel source from sunlight
Scientists create bacteria covered in tiny solar panels that generate a potential new fuel from the Sun. -
Rain, clouds don't dampen eclipse excitement in Missouri
via cbc.caIt was an unusually overcast day in St. Joseph, Mo., but that didn't matter to people who chased the eclipse from all over the world. -
When is the next solar eclipse near you?
Find out when you can next witness a solar eclipse in your country with our eclipse calculator. -
Woman's torso found in ocean after Danish inventor's amateur submarine sinks
via cbc.caThe body of a woman has been found in the Baltic Sea near where a missing Swedish journalist is believed to have died on a privately built submarine, Danish police said late Monday. -
Brazen bear punched after breaking into home on B.C.'s Sunshine Coast
via cbc.caRCMP say conservation officers later put down the bear after determining it lacked a fear of humans. -
Yoga and meditation improve mind-body health and stress resilience
(Frontiers) A new research article published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience investigates the effects of yoga and meditation on people by looking at physiological and immunological markers of stress and inflammation. By studying the participants of an intensive three-month yoga and meditation retreat, the researchers found that the practices positively impacted physiological and immunological markers of stress and inflammation, and in addition improved subjective wellbeing. -
Why do young adults post harmful personal content on social media?
(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) A new study looked at self-presentation of potentially damaging content on social media and examined whether this risky behavior is more likely associated with impulsivity and spontaneity or deliberate self-monitoring. -
Why both bigots and egalitarians say 'they don't see race'
(Ohio State University) People who claim they 'don't see race' when they evaluate others may think they all have similar beliefs about racial justice -- but they're very wrong, according to a new book. In fact, the belief in 'racial colorblindness' unites people who range from liberal to conservative and hardened racists to egalitarians -
Wealth disparity and family income impact the brain development of female youth
(Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care) Female teenagers living in neighbourhoods with wide salary gaps and a low-income household show changes to their brain maturation that could indicate a higher risk of developing mental illness in adulthood, suggests a recently published study by Canadian researchers. -
UMass Amherst researcher receives $1.8 million to create Center for Autonomous Chemistry
(University of Massachusetts at Amherst) University of Massachusetts Amherst chemist Sankaran 'Thai' Thayumanavan has received a three-year, $1.8 million grant from the National Science Foundation to create a multi-university Center for Autonomous Chemistry, where he and colleagues, including chemist Vince Rotello, will seek to design artificial self-activating systems, or 'automatic control as nature does it,' in Thayumanavan's words. -
Turning human waste into plastic, nutrients could aid long-distance space travel (video)
(American Chemical Society) Imagine you're on your way to Mars, and you lose a crucial tool during a spacewalk. Not to worry, you'll simply re-enter your spacecraft and use some microorganisms to convert your urine and exhaled carbon dioxide into chemicals to make a new tool. That's one goal of scientists developing ways to make long space trips feasible. The researchers will present their results today at the 254th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society. -
Tricking the eye to defeat shoulder surfing attacks
(NYU Tandon School of Engineering) Researchers have developed the first application to combat 'shoulder-surfing' of PINS and passwords: a hybrid-image keyboard that appears one way to the close-up user and differently at a distance. The technology blends one image of a keyboard configuration with high spatial frequency and a completely different one with low spatial frequency. Experiments showed it was effective for mobile phones and when video cameras recorded PIN entry, as might happen at an A -
Thoracic kyphosis in those over 50 may not be a predictor of physical decline
(Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research) A recently published study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society has found that using CT scans to evaluate early signs of hyperkyphosis (extreme forward curvature of the upper spine) in people over age 50 does not help to identify those at risk of subsequent physical function decline. -
The environment can become a noninvasive therapeutic approach to bolster white matter health
(Children's National Health System) Those parents you overhear transforming trips to the grocery store into sensory adventures -- telling babies too young to babble that broccoli is GREEN, radishes are RED and tangerines are ORANGE -- are onto something. Being exposed to a complex and stimulating environment rich with new sights, sounds and a full vocabulary can play a powerful role in strengthening infants' developing brains. -
The brains of newborns distinguish between caresses
(University of Gothenburg) The ability to distinguish between different kinds of caresses on the skin already exists at a very early age. This is evident from a study by the Sahlgrenska Academy, in which the blood supply in brains of infants 6 to 10 weeks old was investigated. -
Technique speeds chemical screening to prioritize toxicity testing
(North Carolina State University) Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a high-throughput technique that can determine if a chemical has the potential to activate key genes in seconds rather than the typical 24 hours or more. The technique can be used to prioritize chemicals for in-depth testing to determine their toxicity. -
Study links fish stress hormones to whether they take the bait
(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Take a fish out of water and its stress hormones will go up. Adrenaline and noradrenaline, the 'fight or flight' hormones, peak first, followed more gradually by cortisol. A new study finds that largemouth bass whose cortisol levels rise most after a brief bout of stress are inherently harder to catch by angling. -
Study finds that gravity, 'mechanical loading' are key to cartilage development
(University of Missouri-Columbia) Mechanical loading is required for creating cartilage that is then turned to bone; however, little is known about cartilage development in the absence of gravity. Now, in a study led by the University of Missouri, bioengineers have determined that microgravity may inhibit cartilage formation. Findings reveal that fracture healing for astronauts in space, as well as patients on bed rest here on Earth, could be compromised in the absence of mechanical loading. -
Study documents continued decline in use of hormone therapy by Canadian women
(The North American Menopause Society (NAMS)) Ever since menopause was first discussed publicly, the debate over the use of hormone therapy (HT) has monopolized headlines. Recognized as the most effective option for managing hot flashes and other menopause symptoms, the use of HT has continued to decline, largely as a result of the data released from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in 2002. New study results published in Menopause, documents the decline, along with the factors affecting a Ca -
Study: Contact in sports may lead to differences in the brains of young, healthy athletes
(St. Michael's Hospital) People who play contact sports show changes to their brain structure and function, with sports that have greater risk of body contact showing greater effects on the brain, a new study has found. -
Stretchable biofuel cells extract energy from sweat to power wearable devices
(University of California - San Diego) A team of engineers has developed stretchable fuel cells that extract energy from sweat and are capable of powering electronics, such as LEDs and Bluetooth radios. The biofuel cells generate 10 times more power per surface area than any existing wearable biofuel cells. The devices could be used to power a range of wearable devices. -
Solidifying advanced alloy design
(Gauss Centre for Supercomputing) Using a combination of theory and experiment, a multi-institutional team based at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology are creating simulations to speed up advanced material design. -
Social media culture can encourage risky and inappropriate posting behavior
(University of Plymouth) Young adults who adapt their behavior to match a social situation are just as likely to post offensive content online as those who act impulsively, according to a new study by the University of Plymouth -- suggesting there's a wider social media culture that encourages risky behavior. -
ShAPEing the future of magnesium car parts
(DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) A new process developed at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, should make it more feasible for the auto industry to incorporate very lightweight magnesium alloys into structural components. The method has the potential to reduce cost by eliminating the need for rare-earth elements, while simultaneously improving the material's structural properties. -
Self-powered paper-based 'SPEDs' may lead to new medical-diagnostic tools
(Purdue University) A new medical-diagnostic device made out of paper detects biomarkers and identifies diseases by performing electrochemical analyses -- powered only by the user's touch -- and reads out the color-coded test results, making it easy for non-experts to understand.
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